The concept of the psychiatric science

by Massimiliano Fanni Canelles

Franco Basaglia think that “a mentally ill person goes into the mental hospital like a “personal” for finally become a thing. The mentally ill person, before all, is a person and like such have to be consider and cured. (…)

We should forget to be psychiatrist and remembering that we are a person. Franco Basaglia had revolutionized the concept of the psychiatric science had modified the mental disease person’s idea, has abolished the therapeutic system for the human dignity like electroshock and the straightjacket. Has revised the concept of mentally ill person meant like refused and it has returned at the human condition. From that base, is born the law 180, that has premised finally the closed of the Mental Hospital-lager and the cration of the mental healthness centre with territorial organisation . The 13 May 2008 there was a thirtieth of the Reform of the Psychiatric launched by the law 180 in 1978. Give the subjectivity who don’t considered like being human was in that year a target that was shared not also in Italy, but by some Mondial Health Organisation and by the Green Book about the mental health approved at the Council of European Union in October 2005 and that the European Parliament in the 2006 had adopted as a model in a resolution for modify the Sanitary European System. After 30 years of application the law of the mental health isn’t still effectively guarantee all over the national territory.

Still remain a strong difference between the region and the inside part of that. Often is scanty the presence of all alternative structure to the mental hospital and, whereas present, the Mental Disease Centre offering exclusively the day hospital treatment type or technical solution but not therapeutic and concrete helps at the patient and his family. Some worry test highlight that the patient protection, the social recovery and the developed of the assistential model widen the territory are impracticable. We don’t forget the unresolved question about the overtaking legal psychiatric hospital where, between beyond 1200 interned, there are person who remain lock in also because outside they don’t have a valid alternative. If we exclude the law number 6 of 9th January 2004 that have institute the figure of the administration of the support to the guardianship for who, have difficulty in their own interest however don’t need to have recourse to the interdict or to the inabilitation, any reprocessing or the visit of the law 180 is succeed and to be approved. One of the crucial knot is the condition of the ill persons not collaborative who, they don’t recognize their disease, they refused cures and therefore with the law is difficult to introduce the treatment they need. Situation that push some association but also some Member of Parliament to ask the redefinition about 180 and in the particular the Obligatory Treatment Sanitary (OTS) as a form of obligatory cure.

In Italy the last mental hospital has been closed in 2002. The problems of the mental health represent about 20% of total disease. At least one person on four, in a period of the own life, soffer by reason of a mental problem. The sanitary treatment obligatory is limited also for the many acute pain and dramatic moment. About half people who suffer from depression doesn’t come cured. A swing part between the 44% and the 70% the ones who suffer of the mental problems never submit of any therapy. Maybe, for protect that ill persons and for guarantee to them and to their family a worthy life to be experienced, will be the case that the difficulty of the health problem will come the more feel of the institution like priority.

Translated by Martina Delser

 

Massimiliano Fanni Canelles

Viceprimario al reparto di Accettazione ed Emergenza dell'Ospedale ¨Franz Tappeiner¨di Merano nella Südtiroler Sanitätsbetrieb – Azienda sanitaria dell'Alto Adige – da giugno 2019. Attualmente in prima linea nella gestione clinica e nell'organizzazione per l'emergenza Coronavirus. In particolare responsabile del reparto di infettivi e semi – intensiva del Pronto Soccorso dell'ospedale di Merano. 

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